Inline functions : Use ‘inline’ keyword in function declaration or declarator.
inline keyword is actually a request to compiler. Sometimes compiler will ignore the request and compile the function as a normal function.
inline functions are similar to #define in C. But inline functions provide better type checking and do not need special care with parenthesis.
Scope and Storage class : The scope of variable determines which parts of program can access it and it storage class determines how long it stays in existence.
Types of scope : Local (in current block) and file scope (through out a file).
Storage classes : Automatic (lifetime of function in which defined) and static (lifetime of program).
Variables inside a function called local variables or automatic variables.
Automatic name is used because variables are created automatically when function is called and destroyed when function returns.
Non initialized local variables will have garbage value.
Non initialized global variables will have 0 value.
Static variable :
Scope of local variable
Lifetime of global variable.
Local variable and function arguments are stored in stack and global and static variables are stored on heap.
Return by reference :
int& func();
Can call it : func() = 15; — It gives value of 15 to variable returned by function func.
We can’t do two things :
Can’t return constant.
Cannot return local variable reference.
‘const’ function argument : To protect the modification of variable passed by reference.
